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A diabetes drug (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) that reduces kidney and heart risk in CKD even without diabetes.
SGLT2 inhibitors lower intraglomerular pressure and reduce albuminuria, eGFR decline, heart failure, and mortality in CKD — benefits independent of glycemic control. They are indicated in CKD with eGFR ≥ 20-25 even without diabetes. Side effects include genital infections and volume depletion; 'eGFR dip' in the first weeks is expected. Hold during acute illness (sick-day rule).
Kidney damage caused by diabetes - the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, driven by hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and progressive scarring.
Albumin leaking into urine — the earliest and most important marker of kidney filter damage, measured by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).
A calculated value estimating the rate at which kidneys filter blood, used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease.
The bidirectional failure of heart and kidneys — one organ's dysfunction worsens the other.
A blood-pressure drug (e.g., ramipril, lisinopril, enalapril) that also protects the kidneys by reducing protein leakage.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.