Albumin leaking into urine — the earliest and most important marker of kidney filter damage, measured by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).
Albuminuria occurs when the glomerular filter lets albumin through — the hallmark of diabetic, hypertensive, and glomerular kidney disease, and the strongest single predictor of CKD progression. It is staged by UACR: A1 (<30 mg/g, normal-to-mild), A2 (30-300, moderately increased), A3 (>300, severely increased). Treatment (RAAS blockade, SGLT2 inhibitors, BP control) targets reduction of albuminuria — falling UACR is the sign therapy works.
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
A calculated value estimating the rate at which kidneys filter blood, used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
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