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Kidney damage caused by diabetes - the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, driven by hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and progressive scarring.
Diabetic nephropathy develops over years: hyperglycemia and hemodynamic stress cause glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and progressive glomerulosclerosis. It is the single most common cause of CKD and ESKD. Modern treatment is a multi-pillar approach: RAS blockade (ACEi/ARB) at max tolerated dose, SGLT2 inhibitors for all eligible patients (eGFR >20), GLP-1 receptor agonists for residual albuminuria or obesity, and finerenone for persistent DKD risk - alongside BP and glucose control. Early detection relies on annual UACR and eGFR screening in all diabetics.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
Albumin leaking into urine — the earliest and most important marker of kidney filter damage, measured by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
A calculated value estimating the rate at which kidneys filter blood, used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease.
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