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The ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine, used to tell whether an elevated creatinine is from dehydration, kidney damage, or obstruction.
The BUN:creatinine ratio (normally roughly 10:1 to 20:1) is a quick bedside screen that groups the cause of a rising creatinine. A ratio above 20:1 suggests pre-renal azotemia (dehydration, heart failure, sepsis) where urea is reabsorbed more than creatinine. A ratio near normal (10:1 to 20:1) points to intrinsic kidney injury, while a low ratio can suggest muscle loss or liver disease. The ratio is a screening tool only - it cannot confirm a diagnosis on its own, and many conditions (GI bleeding, high protein intake, steroid use) raise urea independently.
A nitrogen waste product from protein breakdown that the kidneys excrete; high blood urea (BUN) signals reduced filtration or high protein intake.
A waste product of muscle metabolism filtered by the kidneys; serum creatinine levels are used to estimate GFR and monitor kidney function over time.
A calculated value estimating the rate at which kidneys filter blood, used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease.
A sudden drop in kidney function over hours to days - reversible if caught early, but a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
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