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An inherited condition where fluid-filled cysts grow in the kidneys, enlarging them and slowly destroying filtering function - the most common inherited cause of kidney failure.
ADPKD is the most common inherited kidney disease, caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Cysts develop and grow through adulthood, enlarging the kidneys and gradually replacing functioning tissue, with eGFR typically declining after age 30-40. Extrarenal features include cysts in the liver, intracranial aneurysms, and heart valve issues. Management: blood pressure control (the best-proven lever on progression), the V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan to slow cyst growth in select patients, hydration, and avoidance of nephrotoxins. Many reach kidney failure and need dialysis or transplant.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
Blood in the urine — visible (gross) or microscopic — with causes ranging from infection and stones to glomerulonephritis and malignancy.
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, including hypertension, CKD, dialysis, and transplant medicine.
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