A procedure that takes a tiny sample of kidney tissue for a microscope to diagnose glomerular disease, guide treatment, and assess injury or rejection.
A kidney biopsy (percutaneous needle biopsy) samples a small core of kidney tissue, examined under light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence. It is the definitive test when the cause of proteinuria, hematuria, or rapid eGFR decline is unclear, and it is essential for diagnosing and typing glomerulonephritis. Risks are low but real: bleeding (managed by pre-procedure checks and pressure), and a small risk of arteriovenous fistula. The biopsy result directly drives treatment - for example, whether to start immunosuppression in crescentic GN.
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
Blood in the urine — visible (gross) or microscopic — with causes ranging from infection and stones to glomerulonephritis and malignancy.
Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli) - a diverse family of diseases often presenting with blood and protein in urine.
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, including hypertension, CKD, dialysis, and transplant medicine.
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