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Overactive parathyroid glands caused by kidney failure — driven by low vitamin D, high phosphate, and low calcium — damaging bones and vessels if untreated.
In CKD, the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D and excrete phosphate. Falling calcium and rising phosphate stimulate the parathyroid glands to overproduce PTH — secondary hyperparathyroidism. Consequences: bone disease (renal osteodystrophy), vascular calcification, and pruritus. Management: phosphate restriction and binders, vitamin D analogs, calcimimetics (cinacalcet), and parathyroidectomy for refractory cases. Monitoring: calcium, phosphate, PTH trends per KDIGO stage-based targets.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
A rare, life-threatening complication of advanced kidney disease where calcium deposits block small skin blood vessels, causing painful necrotic wounds.
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