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A rare, life-threatening complication of advanced kidney disease where calcium deposits block small skin blood vessels, causing painful necrotic wounds.
Calciphylaxis — calcific uremic arteriolopathy — is a devastating complication of end-stage kidney disease (and some transplant patients) where calcium-phosphorus deposits narrow small arteries in the skin and soft tissue, causing intensely painful, violaceous skin lesions that progress to non-healing necrosis. Risk factors: advanced CKD/dialysis, calcium-phosphate imbalance, secondary hyperparathyroidism, warfarin, and obesity. Treatment: wound care, controlling phosphate/calcium, sodium thiosulfate (the mainstay IV therapy), avoiding warfarin, and parathyroidectomy in selected cases. Mortality is high (30-60% at 1 year), making prevention and early recognition essential.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
Overactive parathyroid glands caused by kidney failure — driven by low vitamin D, high phosphate, and low calcium — damaging bones and vessels if untreated.
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