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A surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is transplanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease to restore kidney function.
Kidney transplantation provides the best long-term outcomes for ESRD patients with superior survival, quality of life, and lower costs compared to long-term dialysis. One-year graft survival rates: living donor — 95-98%, deceased donor — 90-95%. Half-life for deceased donor grafts is approximately 10-12 years. Pre-transplant evaluation includes: cardiac and pulmonary assessment, malignancy screening, infection workup, tissue typing (HLA matching), and crossmatch testing. Immunosuppression typically includes induction (anti-thymocyte globulin or basiliximab) and maintenance (tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil + prednisone). Post-transplant complications: acute rejection (10-20% in first year), infections (CMV, BK virus), cardiovascular disease (leading cause of death post-transplant), and post-transplant diabetes. Pre-emptive transplant (before dialysis initiation) offers the best outcomes.
The final stage of chronic kidney disease (Stage 5, eGFR <15) where kidneys can no longer sustain life without dialysis or transplantation.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
The medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney diseases, including dialysis and transplant care.
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.