The immune system's attack on a transplanted organ — acute (treatable, days-weeks) or chronic (slower, months-years) — diagnosed by biopsy and treated with immunosuppression.
Rejection occurs when recipient immune cells recognize the graft as foreign. Acute cellular rejection responds to pulse steroids in most cases; antibody-mediated rejection (donor-specific antibodies attacking vessels) is treated with plasmapheresis, IVIG, and targeted agents. Chronic rejection is progressive graft damage from antibody injury, drug toxicity, and recurrent disease. Surveillance (creatinine, levels, protocol biopsies) catches rejection early; medication adherence is the single largest preventable lever.
A surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is transplanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease to restore kidney function.
A waste product of muscle metabolism filtered by the kidneys; serum creatinine levels are used to estimate GFR and monitor kidney function over time.
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