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A hormone made mostly by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production — its deficiency drives the anemia of kidney disease.
Erythropoietin is produced by peritubular cells in the kidney in response to low oxygen. It travels to the bone marrow to promote red cell production. Kidney failure progressively cuts EPO production, causing the anemia of CKD. Replacement therapy (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: epoetin alfa, darbepoetin alfa) corrects anemia when iron stores are adequate; dosing is individualized with hemoglobin targets to avoid overshoot (thrombosis, hypertension).
Low hemoglobin caused by kidney failure — reduced erythropoietin production, iron deficiency, and inflammation — treated with iron and ESAs.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
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