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Low hemoglobin caused by kidney failure — reduced erythropoietin production, iron deficiency, and inflammation — treated with iron and ESAs.
The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which signals the bone marrow to make red cells. As CKD advances, EPO falls and anemia develops (typically from stage 3); iron deficiency and inflammation worsen it. Treatment: iron repletion (oral or IV), ESA therapy (epoetin, darbepoetin, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta), and managing inflammation. KDIGO targets typically hemoglobin 10-11.5 g/dL — higher targets risk cardiovascular events. Newer hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) offer an oral option.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
A hormone made mostly by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production — its deficiency drives the anemia of kidney disease.
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