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A single-celled parasite that causes cyclosporiasis — a prolonged diarrheal illness contracted from contaminated fresh produce, most often imported cilantro, raspberries, lettuce, and basil.
Cyclospora cayetanensis infects the small intestine after ingestion of sporulated oocysts on contaminated food or water. Symptoms — watery diarrhea, cramps, bloating, nausea, fatigue, low-grade fever — begin 1 to 14 days after exposure and last 1 week to months without treatment, which distinguishes it from typical food poisoning. The parasite is not transmitted person-to-person because freshly passed oocysts require days to weeks outside the body to become infectious. Diagnosis requires specialized stool testing (PCR or modified acid-fast staining). Standard treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) 960 mg twice daily for 7-10 days, with dose adjustment by kidney function. Outbreaks are seasonal (May-August) and foodborne.
A waste product of muscle metabolism filtered by the kidneys; serum creatinine levels are used to estimate GFR and monitor kidney function over time.
A sudden drop in kidney function over hours to days - reversible if caught early, but a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
The medical treatment that artificially performs the kidney's filtering functions — removing waste, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.