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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with crescent-shaped cellular scars in the kidney filters — a medical emergency that can destroy kidney function in weeks.
Crescentic GN is the histologic pattern of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): cellular crescents fill Bowman's space, and eGFR can collapse over days to weeks. The three immunologic types: anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture), immune-complex (lupus, IgA, post-infectious), and pauci-immune (ANCA vasculitis). Presentation: blood and protein in urine, rising creatinine, sometimes pulmonary hemorrhage. Treatment is urgent — pulse steroids, cyclophosphamide or rituximab, plasma exchange for anti-GBM and severe ANCA — and timing decides whether kidneys survive.
Blood in the urine — visible (gross) or microscopic — with causes ranging from infection and stones to glomerulonephritis and malignancy.
Excess extracellular fluid volume in kidney patients from inadequate excretion, causing edema, hypertension, pulmonary congestion, and increased cardiovascular risk.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
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