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A build-up of acid from failing kidneys (reduced bicarbonate) - common in advanced CKD and a treatable driver of progression.
Healthy kidneys regenerate bicarbonate and excrete acid; as GFR falls, acid accumulates and serum bicarbonate drops. Metabolic acidosis in CKD accelerates progression, muscle wasting, and bone loss, and is independently associated with faster eGFR decline. Treatment: oral sodium bicarbonate (or another base) titrated to keep serum bicarbonate at least 22 mEq/L per KDIGO, plus dietary changes (lower acid load from animal protein). The bicarbonate-deficit calculator estimates replacement needs, though dosing is individualized by nephrologists.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
A toxic condition caused by the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to severe kidney dysfunction, characterized by nausea, fatigue, confusion, and metabolic disturbances.
The medical treatment that artificially performs the kidney's filtering functions — removing waste, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail.
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