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A medical procedure that filters waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood using a dialysis machine when the kidneys can no longer perform this function adequately.
Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). During a session, blood is pumped from the patient through a dialyzer (artificial kidney) where it is filtered across a semipermeable membrane against a dialysate solution. The cleaned blood is then returned to the patient. Sessions typically last 3-5 hours and are performed 3 times per week. Key parameters monitored during HD include blood flow rate (Qb), dialysate flow rate (Qd), ultrafiltration rate (UFR), transmembrane pressure (TMP), and venous pressure. Adequacy is measured using Kt/V and URR (urea reduction ratio).
A dialysis modality that uses the patient's peritoneal membrane as a natural filter, with dialysate fluid introduced into the abdominal cavity to remove waste and excess fluid.
A dimensionless number used to quantify dialysis adequacy, where K = dialyzer clearance, t = treatment time, and V = volume of distribution of urea.
The artificial kidney component of a dialysis machine containing a semipermeable membrane that filters waste and excess fluid from blood.
The surgical connection created to allow blood to flow between the patient's circulatory system and the dialysis machine during hemodialysis sessions.
The process of removing excess fluid from a patient's blood during dialysis by applying pressure across the dialyzer membrane.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.