A middle molecule that accumulates in dialysis patients — the driver of dialysis-related amyloidosis.
Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) rises as kidney function falls and is poorly cleared by low-flux membranes. Accumulation causes carpal tunnel syndrome, joint amyloid deposits, and bone cysts after years on dialysis. High-flux dialyzers, HDF, and kidney transplant lower B2M levels.
A dialyzer membrane with high water and middle-molecule permeability — standard for modern hemodialysis.
An advanced dialysis modality combining hemodialysis (diffusion) with hemofiltration (convection) to enhance clearance of both small and middle molecular weight solutes.
Beta-2 microglobulin amyloid deposits in joints after years of dialysis — carpal tunnel and bone cysts.
Median nerve compression at the wrist — common in dialysis patients from amyloid and fluid effects.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.